初中英语基本句型结构归纳

初中英语基本句型结构

根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。 

1. 主语+连系动词+表语 例如： 

My mother is a doctor. 

Her voice sounds nice. 

2. 主语+不及物动词 例如： 

He runs fast. 

We study hard. 

3. 主语+及物动词+宾语 例如： 

Children often sing this song. 

He studies English. 

1) 常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如： 

She enjoys reading novels and swimming. 

I finished reading the book last night. 

2) 常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如： 

Where do wish to sit? 

Tom agreed to lend some money. 

3) 有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember, forget等。例如： 

Please remember to post the letter for me. 

请记住替我发了这封信。 

I remember posting the letter. 

我记得那封信寄过了。 

Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子： 

He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。 

He stopped smoking. 他停止吸烟了。 

4) 有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如： 

I like to swim in summer. 

I like swimming in summer.

4. 主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 例如： 

My father bought me a new bike. 

He gave me an apple. 

1) 及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语， 

指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要 

把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如： 

Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me. 

Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me. 

2) 把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to, 有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如： 

Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please? 

Tom's mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Tom's mother bought a pair of new shoes for him. 

5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 例如： 

We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 

I hear someone singing in the next room. 

1) 及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如： 

We call him Jack. 

Don't get your hands dirty. 

2) 在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示 

的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作 

宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如： 

I heard him sing that song. (我听他唱过那首歌。) 

When I came back, I heard him singing in the room. 

(我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。) 

3) 在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如： I saw him go into the room. 

He was seen to go into the room.