英语中的“否定转移”结构在语义上可分为以下两类:
一、在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,若宾语从句是表否定意义,而且主句中含有表看法的动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等谓语动词时,则习惯上把宾语从句中的否定词not前移到主句的谓语动词中。即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:
I don't think it's necessary to read this book. 我认为没有必要去读这本书。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
二、在表感觉的动词“appear, feel like, seem, look, feel, sound, as if + 从句”结构中,从句的否定词常移到这些动词或短语的前面。如:
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't sound as if he knew what had happened. 听起来他好像不知道刚才所发生的事情。
It doesn't look like it's going to rain. 看起来好像不会下雨。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
此外,还要注意以下否定转移情况:
一、当由until作为连词或介词所引导的时间状语从句或短语中含有否定词时,常转移到主句谓语动词中,构成“...not...until...”结构。如:
He doesn't go to bed until eleven every night. 他每晚直到11点才睡觉。
二、在一些部分否定中,也可将否定谓语动词的否定词转移到主语上。如:
Not all the people knew the truth. (=All the people didn't know the truth.)
并不是所有的人都知道事情的真相。
【注意】下列情况通常不用进行否定转移。
1、主句的谓语动词为一般过去时或过去完成时时。例如:
He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom. 他认为帮助汤姆不是他的责任。
2、主句的谓语动词为过去进行时时。例如:
Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.玛丽在想那房间还不够热。
3、主句的谓语动词为现在完成时或现在完成进行时时。例如:
We have supposed we will not trouble you again.我们想我们不会再麻烦你了。
4、当think用在疑问句中时,一般不要求否定转移。
Why do you think we can’t change your note? 你为什么认为我们换不开你的钞票呢?
Do you think my mother wouldn’t permit this? 你认为我妈妈不会答应吗?
5、当主句中的谓语动词与情态动词连用时,不属于否定转移。例如:
The boss must think I am not fit for the job.老板一定认为我不适合这项工作。
6、当主句中的谓语动词被加强语气的助动词do, does, did修饰时,否定不转移。例如:
I do think it is wise of her to say so.我确实认为她这么说是明智的。
I do believe she doesn’t tell a lie. 我真的相信她没有撒谎。
7、当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly等否定词时,否定通常不转移。例如:
I believe Tom never tells a lie.我相信汤姆从来不撒谎。
8、当宾语从句中含有not at all, not a bit, not…enough, can’t help doing等一些固定词组时,否定不转移。例如:
I think she is not tired at all.我想她一点也不累。
I think I can’t help laughing if I see it.我想我看见它时会忍不住大笑。
每日一句英语口语:I'd hate for you to... 我不愿意你……
2024-03-06