中考英语难点:不定代词
一、不定代词:everything, something, anything 的用法
everything
1. 一切事物;每样事物:
This shop sells everything needed for camping. 这家商店出售一切露营用具。
Tell me everything about it. 告诉我这件事情的始末。
2. (用作表语)最重要的事:Money is everything to him.金钱对他比什么都重要。
She`s beautiful,I gree,but beauty is not everything.我同意她是美丽的,但美并不是最重要的。
something
某事;某物;某东西 :
There's something on the floor. 地板上有一样东西。
I want something to eat. 我想吃些东西。
something一般用在肯定句中,但在某些表示征求意见或希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,也somgthing 如:would you like something to drink? 你要不要喝点什么?
something还有一种特殊用法:不是指“某种东西”而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西 ( 相当于the thing) 。如:
A:If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.
B:Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
此题容易误选A,机械地套用以下规则:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑问句。当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的,但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B 。
anything
某事;某物;某东西:
1. 一般用在否定句及疑问句:
Is there anything in that box?那个盒子里有东西吗?
Has anything unusual happend? 没有什么不正常的事发生。
They haven't anything to eat.他们没有东西可吃。
2. 无论什么:
I want something to eat,anything will do.我想要些东西吃,无论什么都可以。
上面三个不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
二、不定代词:no one, none与nothing 的用法
1. no one
no one=nobody,只能指人,但不具体指什么人,不能指物,语气比none强,后面不能接of构成的短语。no one作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。如:No one/Nobody likes a person with bad manners.没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。no one一般用来回答who,及含anyone,anybody引起的疑问句。如:—Who is in the room? —No one. —Is there anyone in the room? —No one.
2. none
none=not any; not one,可以指人,意为“没有什么人”;也可以指物,意为“没有任何东西“。可与of连用;谓语动词用单或复数;具体指什么人或物(即上文中提到的人或物);none用来回答由How many…和How much…引起的问句以及含“any(of)+名词”构成的一般疑问句如:
1)None of us have/has seen him.
2)—How many students are there in the room? —None.
3)—Is there any water in the thermos? —None.
4)He would like some orangr juice, but there is none left in the bottle.
5)—How much money do you have on you? —None.
注意:none指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中“没有一个”,如果指两者中“没有一个”应用neither。
请比较:
There are many apples in the basket, but none of them are of fresh.篮子里有许多苹果,但没有一个是新鲜的。Neither of his parents is at home.他的父母都不在家。
3. nothing
nothing=not anything,意为“没有任何东西,没有什么”。只能指物,谓语用单数。如:Nothing is found on the table.桌子上什么也没有。
nothing一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。请看:
1)—What is in the box? —Nothing.
2)—Is there anything in the sky? —Nothing.
3)—Can you see anything without glasses? —Nothing.
例句:I'm thirsty. I want some water to drink , but there was______ in the bottle.
A. nothing B. none C. not D. no
正确答案:B.
解析:none:没有,nothing:什么都没有.因为句子的前半部已经提到要喝水,后面是说没了,所以用none. 如果前面是说要喝点东西,那后面就可以说什么都没有,用nothing none一般是否定上文提到过的东西,而nothing是指未知东西。
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