speak/say/tell/talk 辨析
1. speak 说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词。
例如:
1) The students speak English very fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。)
2) The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.(首相就国际形势发表了演说。)
3) She always speaks ill of others.(她总是说别人的坏话。)
speak的习惯用语:
Generally speaking 一般而言
Frankly speaking 坦白地说
Strictly speaking 严格地说
not to speak of 且不说;更不用说
1) Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.(一般而言,男人比女人强壮。)
2) We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。)
2. tell 说谎;讲故事;说实话。
例如:
1) Don't tell a lie.(不要说谎。)
2) She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。)
3) We should always tell the truth.(我们应该永远说实话。)
tell的意思还有:辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句
Sometimes we can't tell right from wrong.(有时我们无法辨别是非。)
3. talk 连续地说话。
例如:
1) What are the girls talking about ?(那些女孩们讲什么?)
2) Young people like to talk politics.(年青人喜欢谈论政治。)
3) I talked over the matter with her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。)
4. say 说出某句话或某件事,强调说话的内容;后接从句。(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词)
例如:
1) She said ,“I love you.”(她说:“我爱你。”)
2) Say goodbye to them.(跟他们说再见。)
3) She says she is busy.(她说她很忙。)
4) My watch says 10:00 sharp.(我的表是十点整。)
5) The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。
6) It is said that she has been away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了)
7) It goes without saying that education is important.(不用说,教育是重要的。)
8) Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.(Tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。)