在英语行文过程中,有人经常把同一词反复使用。切记,和汉语一样英语句子很忌重复。不必要的重复要尽量避免,其方法多种多样。
一、省略法
由句子本身结构决定需要省略。例如:
I got up earlier than my father yesterday. 昨天我比父亲起得早。
在my father后省略谓语got up。
Your desk is red and hers black. 你的桌子是红色,她的是黑色。
hers后省略is,且用hers而不用her desk又避免了desk的重复。
I will do everything I can to help you. 我要尽一切可能帮助你。
can后省略do;I can是一个前省略关系代词that,后又省略do的定语从句。
2. 承接上文的省略(主要用于对话中)。
A. 省略主语、谓语或谓语的一部分或宾语。例如:
——How much do they cost?它们的价格是多少?
——One dollar,my lad. 一美元。
One dollar=They each cost one dollar. or They cost one dollar each,mylad.
We were told that he was there when the accident took place,but he deniedthat. 我们听说事故发生时他在那里,但他否认这一点。
that=he was there when the accident took place.
They askd me whether I wanted the job. I said to them yes,very much. They were quite pleased at this. 他们问我是否想要这份工作,我说是的,非常想要,他们听了很高兴。
B. 省略不定式的动词,只保留to。例如:
If you work hard,you can get what you want to. 如果努力工作,你会得到你想得到的。
省略get.
He did not come,though I invited him to. 他没来,尽管我邀请了他。
省略come.
二、使用固定句型
例如:——hary was not born in China but she
knows Chinese well. 玛丽不是出生在中国,但对中国很了解。
——So it is with Jane. 简也是。
——His brother is a teacher. 他弟弟是老师。
——So is my sister. 我妹妹也是。
三、替代法
1. 用指示代词。例如:
The boy told the doctor his story and also that of his sister. (that=the story)男孩向医生讲了自己的情况,也讲了她妹妹的情况。
The students in your class are more polite than those in my class. (those=thestudents)你班上的学生比我班上的更懂礼貌。
2. 用人称代词。例如:
I have a good reference book. I like it very much. (it=reference book)
我有本参考书,我非常喜欢。
3. 用不定代词one或ones。例如:
I don't like the black jackets. I prefer the white ones,but they are rather ex-pensive. 我不喜欢黑色夹克衫,我喜欢白色的,但它们很贵。
4. 用do(does,did)代替行为动词。例如:
We study English as hard as they do. 我们学习英语和他们一样努力。
5. 用副词so代替从句或从句的一部分。例如:
——The teacher said that he was a good student,but I didn't think so. 老师说他是个好学生,但我不这么认为。
此外,在需要重复某一意义而又不能采用上述方法时,可使同义词来避免单词直接的重复。当然,在用英语进行写作时,为了增强修辞效果,重复也是常常采用的一种手法。如下一段中,有几处就使用了重复:Many happy hours she had spent planning for something nice for him,some-thing fine and rare—something worthy of the honour of being owned by Jim. 在这一自然段里,作者把something重复三次,从而突出、强调了some-thing的价值。
由此可见,不必要的重复应避免,但必要的时候该重复就重复。切不可将两种情况混为一谈,从一个极端走向另一个极端。
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