高考英语语法：动词的时态（过去完成时）

动词的时态：过去完成时

1. 表示过去某时间或某动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。这个过去的时间须由by, before等介词短语或when, before等引导的时间从句来表示,也可由明确的上下文表示。

I had finished my homework before supper. 我在晚饭前把作业做完了。

By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 到那年年底,亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票。

When we got there the basketball match had already started. 我们到那里时,篮球赛已经开始了。

2. 表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。这时常与since,for,when,until,by the end of......等时间状语连用。

We had not seen each other since I left Beijing. 自从我离开北京以来我们就没有见过面了。

By the end of last week,I had been on that ship for two years. 到上个周末,我已经在那艘船上工作两年了。

3. 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图,只用于如下动词hope,mean,expect,intend,suppose,think,want。

The profit was fair but not as big as they had hoped. 利润尚可,但不如原先希望的那么丰厚。

I had meant to come,but something happened. 我本想来,但有事就没有来了。

The result was quite opposite to what we had expected. 结果和我们所期望的完全相反。

They had intended to speak,but time did not permit. 他们本想发言,可是时间不允许。

4. 在条件状语从句中及动词wish或I'd rather后的宾语从句中常用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

If only you had worked with great care! 你要是更细心一些该多好啊!

I wish I had gone with you to the concert. 我真希望和你一起去听音乐会。

I would rather you had told her the truth. 我倒宁愿你告诉她真情。