高考英语语法：反身代词

反身代词的形式 

第 一 人 称 myself （ourselves ）

第 二 人 称 yourself（yourselves） 

第 三 人 称 himself herself itself（themselves）

在词典中的代表形式是oneself。

反身代词的用法

一、反身代词用作宾语

1. 反身代词在句中可用作介词宾语,表示多种意义。 

The question of her marriage was decided by herself.她的婚姻问题是由她自己决定的。

Would he be able to live with himself later?他以后还能保持自尊心吗?

This matter is between ourselves.这件事只限于我们两人知道。

What have you to speak for yourself?你有什么话为你自己辩护吗? 

2. 反身代词用作介词宾语,如果所指明显,介词后面可以用普通的人称代词来代替反身代词。 

She took her cat with her.她把猫带在身边。

He carried many dictionaries with him.他随身带着许多字典。

Brooks only looked about him.布鲁克斯只考虑他自己。

She had her husband beside her.她让丈夫待在她身边。 

3. 反身代词用作介词宾语也常见于固定习语中。 

by oneself独自

for oneself为自己

in oneself本身；本性

of oneself自动地

to oneself为单独所用或所有 

4. 反身代词在句中可以用作动词的宾语,此时宾语与主语必须是同一人或物。 

Now calm yourself,please.现在请你安静下来。

I couldn't control myself,and I hit him.我气得不得了就打了他。

He ordered himself a set of Encyclopedia. 他订购了一套百科全书。

She couldn't contain herself to wait.她无法忍耐继续等下去了。

He expressed himself well in argument.他在辩论中很好地表达了自己的思想。

He coughed himself hoarse.他咳得嗓子沙哑了。

After her mother died,she abandoned herself to grief.母亲死后,她沉浸于悲痛之中。

The girl was amusing herself with a doll.那女孩在玩洋娃娃自娱。 

5. 反身代词在某些动词后作宾语,而这些动作是人们在一般情况下常为自己而做的动作,这时反身代词经常省去。这类动词常见的有：absent,adapt,apply,behave,dress,enjoy,hide,wash。 

Brooks deliberately absented (himself) from the meeting.布鲁克斯故意不到会。

She lacks the ability to adapt (herself) easily.她缺乏迅速适应的能力。

He applied (himself) diligently to learning English.他孜孜不倦地学英语。

Can't you make your little boy behave (himself)?你不能教你的小孩学规矩点?

Did you enjoy (yourself) during the winter vacation?你寒假过得愉快吗?

He was thinking the enemy must have hidden (themselves) somewhere.他在想敌人一定藏在什么地方。

The little boy isn't old enough to dress (himself).这个小男孩太小,还不能自己穿衣服。

She never washes (herself) in cold water.她从来不用冷水洗澡。 

6. 反身代词用作动词的宾语,也常见于某些固定搭配或习语中。 

help yourself to自取食物

teach oneself自修；自学

express oneself表白心意

Stop crying like a baby! Pull yourself together!别像个孩子似地哭!要控制住自己的情绪。

Make yourself at home.请不要客气。

二、反身代词用作表语

1. 反身代词在句中用作表语时和主语必须是同一人或物。

The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的男孩就是我。

2. 反身代词作表语通常表示健康状况。这种用法带有强调性, 须重读。

He isn't himself today.他今天不舒服。

He will be himself again soon.他一会儿就会好的。

Now I feel quite myself

三、反身代词用作同位语

1. 反身代词可以用作主语或宾语的同位语,意为“本人”或“本身”,紧跟在与之同位的词后面。 

The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。

You may go and ask the teacher himself.你可以去问老师本人。 

2. 反身代词在句子里作主语的同位语时还可以起强调作用,意为“那个人或那个东西,而不是别的人或别的东西”,常译为“自己,亲自”,这时它的位置不一定紧跟在与之同位的词后面,也可以位于句末,特别是带有一些状语的性质时。 

He himself said I could go.他亲口说的我可以走了。

She herself is a student too.她自己也是一个学生。

Nancy will perform the operation herself.南希将亲自做这个手术。

You'll have to do it yourself.你得自己去干。

We saw it ourselves.我们亲眼看到的。

四、反身代词用作主语

在非正式语体中,由并列连词连接的名词词组里反身代词间或可以用作主语。

My father and myself walked home that day.我父亲和我那天都是步行回家的。

Neither your brother nor yourself had anything to do with it.你的兄弟和你本人都与此事无关。