英语基础语法：分词—现在分词和过去分词

分词是由动词 + ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。

working worked washing washed

分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。

1. 分词作定语

China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。

That's an interesting story. 这是一个有趣的故事。

The girl singing for us is ten years old. 给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。

作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后， 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity. 工人在这次活动中起主要作用。

The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately. 被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。

There is nothing interesting. 没什么有趣的事。

分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词，否则判断为动名词。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子 （动名词）

2. 分词作状语

Being a student, he likes to help others. 作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。

Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily. 戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。

She is there waiting for us. 她在那儿等我们呢。

Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong. 经老师一说，她知道自己不对。

3. 分词作表语

The story is interesting. 故事有趣。

We are interested in computer. 我们对计算机感兴趣。

The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。

The water is boiled. 水是开的。

4. 分词作宾语补足语

可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。

I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。

I heard them singing in the classroom. 我听见他们在教室里唱歌。

We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。

have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。

I have my hair cut. 我理发了。（是别人给我理发）

She has her bike repaired. 她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt. 他们重修了房子。

5. 分词的否定形式。 not + 分词

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school. 小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

6. 分词的时态

分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing. 看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed. 回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right. 收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk. 晚饭后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky. 他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。

7. 分词的被动形式

分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。

The entertainment building being built will be completed next year. 正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。