高考英语语法：倒装句

倒装作为一种语法手段，是用来表示一定句子结构的需要或者强调某一句子成分的需要。前者称为语法倒装，后者称为修辞倒装。谓语动词全部放在主语之前的叫做全部倒装。谓语动词的一部分放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装。

一、语法倒装

1. 疑问句

Are you from here? 你是本地人吗?

How are you going to have a trip? 你打算怎么去旅行呢?

Who is that? 那人是谁？

2. 祝愿句

May you be happy! 祝你幸福!

Long live peace! 和平万岁!

3. 某些感叹句

There goes the bell! 铃响了!

In came the teacher! 老师来了!

Off you go!走开!/Here I am! 我来了!

There comes a policeman! 警察来了!

4. There be结构

There is a watch on the table. 桌子上有一只表。

There is a wedding banquet. 那儿有个婚宴。

There was a pail of water on the ground. 地上有一桶水。

5. the more...the more 结构

The harder you study, the happier you feel. 你学习越努力,你就越感到高兴。

6. 直接引语位于句首的陈述句。

 “Please hurry,”said Mary.“请快点,”玛丽说。

7. 地点状语或时间状语位于句首,主语为名词而谓语为be,go,come等不及物动词的陈述句。

From the window came sound of music. 从窗户里传来了音乐声。

Here comes the bus.车来了。

Here are the books you want. 这些是你要的书。

8. 省掉连词if后的非真实条件句。

Had I the time,I would go. 如有时间,我就去。

Were you in my position,you would do the same. 你如处在我的位置,也会这样做。

Had I known it earlier,I would have helped him. 如果我早知道这件事,我就会帮助他。

Had I been informed earlier,I could have done something. 如果早点告诉我,也许我能想点办法。

9. 以as,no matter how,whatever和however引导的让步状语从句中。

Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 尽管我们被敌人包围了,我们还是设法向前进。

No matter how busy he is,he is ready to help others. 不管他多忙,他总是乐意帮助别人。

10. so,neither,nor等副词置于句首时,全句常须倒装。

If you can do it,so can I. 如果你能做,我也能做。

If you don't go to work,neither shall I.如果你不去上班,我也不去。

“He is not kind.”“Nor are you.”“他不友善。”“你也一样。”

11. 主语部分较长需要后置时,全句须倒装。

In the doorway stood a man with a gun. 门道里站着一个拿枪的人。

12. 为了上下文的衔接,全句需要倒装。

The girl who loves him so deeply finds herself unable to forgive his mistake.Around this point develops the sketch,which is humourous and full of a strong local flavour. 那个钟爱他的姑娘觉得她不能原谅他的错误。围绕这一点就写成了这一短剧,它不但幽默,而且充满了浓郁的地方风味。

二、修辞倒装

1. 当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装。

Only by showing your sincerity can you win the confidence of your friends. 博得朋友的信任,全凭你的真诚。

Only through struggles can we win freedom and happiness. 自由和幸福,只有经过斗争才能取得。

Only then did he understand it.只有那时,他才明白。

2. 当“so/such...that...”结构中的so/such位于句首, 表示加强语气时,第一分句要倒装。

So easy was the exercise that the student finished it in half an hour. 这个练习如此容易,那个学生只用了半个小时就完成了。

So seriously was the little boy injured that he was taken to a hospital at once. 那个小男孩受伤这么重,立刻被送进了医院。

3. 以often,always,once,many a time,now and then,every day等表示频度的副词及短语放在句首时,要倒装。

Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这么做。

Many a time have they been to the beautiful park. 这个漂亮的公园他们去过许多次了。

4. 当表示否定意义的副词或短语,如never,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,not until,by no mean,in no time,in no way等位于句首时要倒装。

Never have I seen such a strange person. 我从来没见过这样的怪人。

Scarcely/Hardly can anyone do it. 几乎没人能做这件事。

Hardly had I arrived before〔when〕a quarrel broke out. 我刚一到就发生了争吵。

Scarcely had I closed my eyes when I began to imagine the most fantastic shapes. 我刚一合眼,就开始想象奇形怪状的东西。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到开始工作,我才意识到我浪费了不少时间。

In no way can theory be separated from practice. 理论决不能脱离实践。

Hardly did they speak another word. 他们几乎没有再说一句话。

Rarely did I meet Mr. Eldon. 我很少遇上埃尔登先生。

Seldom have I heard such beautiful singing. 我很少听到过如此美妙的歌声。