英语基础语法：祈使句/感叹句/强调句结构

一、祈使句结构

祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。

1 ）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加 do ( 但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子 ) 。

Take this seat.

Do be careful.

否定结构：

Don't move.

Don't be late.

2 ）第二种祈使句以 let 开头。

Let 的反意疑问句

a. Let's 包括说话者　

Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?

= Shall we have another try?

b. Let us 不包括说话者

Let us have another try，will you / won't you?

= Will you please let us have another try?

否定结构：

Let's not talk of that matter.

Let us not talk of that matter.

二、感叹句结构

感叹句通常有 what, how 引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。

what 修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：

掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。

How + 形容词 + a + 名词 +（陈述语序）　　　

How+ 形容词或副词 + （陈述语序）

What + 名词 + （陈述语序）

What+a+ 形容词 + 名词 + （陈述语序）

What+ 形容词 + 复数名词 +（陈述语序）

What+ 形容词 + 不可数名词 +（陈述语序）

How clever a boy he is!

How lovely the baby is!

What noise they are making!

What a clever boy he is!

What wonderful ideas (we have)!

What cold weather it is!

感叹句的省略形式为：

What a clever boy (he is)!

典型例题

1 ） ___ food you've cooked!

A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice

答案 D. 由于 How 修饰形容词，副词； what 修饰名词。且 food 为不可数名词，因此 A ，B 排除。 C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有 D 正确，其句型为 What + adj. +n. ( 不可数 )

2 ） ___terrible weather we've been having these days!

A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

答案 A. weather 为不可数名词， B ， D 排除。 C 为 how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有 A ，符合句型 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词。

3) --- _____ I had!

--- You really suffered a lot.

A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time

答案 A. 感叹句分两类：

a：What + n.+ 主谓部分

b：How + adj. / adv. / v.+ 主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了 bad ，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

三、强调句结构

常考的强调句结构是 it 引导的句子。

It is (was) 被强调部分 + that (who) + 句子其他部分。

此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。

It is from the sun that we get light and heat.

It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.典型例题

1 ）It was last night ___ I see the comet.

A. the time B. when C. that D. which

答案 C. 强调句的结构是： It +be + 强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that 和 who 。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who" ，其余用 that 。

原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.

强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. ( 注意不用 when)

强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

2 ）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.

A. that B. when C. since D. as

答案 C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为 A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉 It be… that 还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that' ，只剩下 ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。

It is /was + 时间 + since… 　其中 is<---> has been was <---> had been.

四、用助动词进行强调

强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词 do (did，does) 强调谓语。

She does like this horse.  她的确喜欢这匹马。

Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。