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英语基础语法:冠词

冠词1. 不定冠词 (1)不定冠词的用法 ①泛指—类人或物。eg.This is a pencil case.She's a doctor.②指不具体的某个人或物。eg.I...

3. 不用冠词的情况

(1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。

eg.That girl is my friend.

(2)名词前有物主代词my,your,his her,their等时不用冠词。

eg.Lucy is her sister.

(3)名词前有whose,which,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。eg.Which man is Mr Green?

Each student has a beautiful picture.

(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。

eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.

(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。

eg.Snow is white.

(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。

eg.Does she like music?

(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。

eg.play basketball/soccer/chess

(8)在三餐前不用冠词。

eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner

(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。

eg.Tina,China,Tiananmen Square,Beijing,University,New Year's Day,Tuesday,January

(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。

eg.My favorite is English.

(11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。

eg.at noon,at work,at home,by bus, by air,on foot,from morning till night,at night,go to school,go to bed,at last

4. 在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别

in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在医院)

in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在监狱里)

at table(吃饭,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)

in front of(在某个范围之外的前面);in the front of(在某个范围之外的前面)

go to college(上大学);go to the college(去那所大学)

take place(发生);take the place(代替)

5. 零冠词的用法

1) 国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;

2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;

They are teachers. 他们是教师。

3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;

Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。

4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;

Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。

5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;

We go to school from Monday to Friday.  我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;

The guards took the American to General Lee.

士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:have breakfast,play chess

8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;

I can't write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。

9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train;

10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:

school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town, church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;

go to hospital去医院看病

go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

11)不用冠词的序数词;

a. 序数词前有物主代词

b. 序数词作副词  He came first in the race.

c. 在固定词组中  at (the) first, first of all, from first to last

Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.

③当名词前的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。

eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.

How nice a film this is!

④当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather,very时,不定冠词放在quite,rather之后,very之前。

eg.It is quite a good book.

That is rather a useful too1.

This is a very interesting story.

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