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英语基础语法:形容词与副词比较级和最高级(1)

一、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级...

一、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级

大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1. 规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾 -er , -est 来构成比较级和最高级。

  构成法                原级         比较级        最高级     

a. 一般单音节词     tall      taller      tallest

末尾加 -er,-est           great     greater     greatest

b. 以不发音的 e 结尾  nice       nicer      nicest

的单音词和少数       large        larger       largest

c. 以 - le 结尾的双   able       abler       ablest

音节词只加 -r,-st

d. 以一个辅音字母    big         bigger       biggest

结尾的闭音节单        hot        hotter       hottest

音节词,双写结

尾的辅音字母,

再加 -er , -est 。

e. 以辅音字母 +y     easy     easier     easiest

结尾的双音节词,    busy     busier     busiest

改 y 为 i ,再加

-er , -est 。

f. 少数以 -er , -ow    clever      cleverer    cleverest

结尾的双音节词    narrow    narrower    narrowest

未尾加 -er , -est 。

g. 其他双音节词和 

多音节词,在前   important   more important   most important

面加 more ,                

来构成比较级和   easily     more easily        most easily

最高级。         

2. 不规则变化

原级                                比较级        最高级        

good (好的 ) well( 健康的 )     better         best

bad ( 坏的 ) ill( 有病的 )             worse         worst

old ( 老的 )                             older/elder        oldest/eldest

much/many( 多的 )                   more               most

little( 少的 )                             less           least

far ( 远的 )                                 farther/further     farthest/furthest

二、as + 形容词或副词原级 + as

1. 在否定句或疑问句中可用 so… as 。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2. 当 as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。

as + 形容词 + a + 单数名词

as + many/much + 名词

This is as good an example as the other is.

I can carry as much paper as you can..

3. 用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在 as 的前面。

This room is twice as big as that one.

Your room is the same size as mine.

4. 倍数 + as + adj. + as <=> 倍数 + then + of

This bridge is three times as long as that one.

This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine.

Your room is twice the size of mine.

三、比较级形容词或副词 + than

You are taller than I.

They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.

注意:

1. 要避免重复使用比较级。

( 错 ) He is more cleverer than his brother.

( 对 ) He is more clever than his brother.

( 对 ) He is clever than his brother.

2. 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

( 错 ) China is larger than any country in Asia.

( 对 ) China is larger than any other country in Asia.

3. 要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

4. 要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有冠词。

比较: Which is large, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

特别注意:

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

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